Introduction in building technology

If we look at the picture of a town, we can see immediately that it consists of very different types of building. These are mainly residential or office buildings (some of which have integrated shops or apartments – “mixed construction”), schools, theaters, sports arenas, hospitals, and factories.

All of these buildings have one thing in common: They are intended to protect their users from outside influences, to provide security from the outside world, safety indoors, and to ensure comfortable thermal conditions.

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Building automation – impact on energy efficiency

Building automation and control functions should be selected based on their impact on a building's efficiency. The purpose of the user’s guide is to provide understanding on using building automation and control functions to promote higher energy efficiency in buildings as well as the methods involved. It further explains which building automation and control system functions by Siemens meet requirements per EN 15232.The use of energy-efficient building automation and control functions saves buildingoperating costs, existing energy resources and lowers CO2 emissions.

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Energy saving with Synco – tips and hints for installer

Installers are faced with growing demands – plants and controls that are increasingly becoming more complicated should be set up in a manner that optimizes energy use. Measures applied to control technology are very attractive to the end customers since they deliver noticeable savings without the need for large investments. This guide is a reaction to the demand for a compact guide on enabling Synco energy-saving control functions.

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Demand-controlled ventilation

To achieve a high level of overall efficiency in a building, it is not sufficient simply to use the best components available. The components also need to be coordinated – not only in terms of technology but also in the way in which they are operated. However, even with perfectly coordinated subsystems, energy consumption will betoo high if the subsystems are not operated on the basis of actual demand. This brochure shows you what demand-controlled ventilation is, how it works, and what your benefits are.

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Control of ventilation and air conditioning plants

The following three heat sources can be effective from the point of view of control: Heat output of radiators (base load heating), heat supply of the ventilation system or internal heat sources (people, devices, lighting, solar radiation etc.).
If the heat supply is properly divided among the base load heating on the one hand and the ventilation system on the other – while paying careful attention to the internal heat sources – there should be no major control problems.

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Heat recovery in the refrigeration cycle

Cooling generates considerable quantities of heat. If not utilized, this energy simply becomes waste heat. Siemens has developed modulating valves to control the direct utilization of waste heat. They provide for exact, demand-controlled heat recovery. The utilization of waste heat is profitable wherever heating and refrigeration are required at the same time, or where waste heat can be stored.

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Refrigeration technology

In air conditioning, not only heating energy is required in winter, but also refrigeration energy is required for cooling and dehumidification of the air during the summer period.
In earlier times, piped water or well water was frequently used for this purpose. However this usage is not recommendable from an economical or an energetic point of view.

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Modulating capacity control in the refrigeration cycle

The range of electronic refrigerant valves allows evaporator output to be controlled continuously and accurately. The control acts on the machine’s refrigeration medium. This provides for continuous control of temperature and humidity, even with direct expansion refrigerating machines.

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Hydraulics in building systems

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) plants are used to create comfortable environmental conditions for human beings. To satisfy this requirement in our climatic zone, heat – but also cooling energy – must be generated, adequately regulated and delivered to the right place at the right time.

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Measuring Technology

In the age of building control and facility management (management, operation and maintenance of buildings), precise measurement of physical quantities is of great importance. Decisions on changes or statements on energy consumption figures and building maintenance costs depend on the accuracy of measured values.

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Psychrometric chart – structure and application

The air fulfils vital requirements. For example, air absorbs vast amounts of water in the form of vapor from the surfaces of lakes and oceans, transports it long distances and then lets it fall to earth in the form of precipitation.The physical quantities used to describe the state of the air are referred to as variables. Air conditioning systems also deal with these variables. The most important are air temperature, humidity and pressure.

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